Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia

What are the treatments for the disease?

Chemotherapy with medicines such as hydroxyurea or busulfan may decrease the numbers of CML cells for many years. Interferon, a natural substance produced by white cells, may also help the body control the CML cells. Known as a biological response modifier, interferon does not cure the cancer. It can only control it for a period of time.

Some people are given the bone marrow from another person to help recovery. This is called a bone marrow transplant. A bone marrow transplant during this phase may cure the person. This therapy is very intense and may not be right for every person who has CML.

During the terminal phase, CML will be treated like acute leukemia. High doses of chemotherapy may be given in the veins. If the cancerous cells can be destroyed, which is a stage known as remission, the person may be considered for a bone marrow transplant. Remission is usually followed by additional therapy.

What are the side effects of the treatments?

Chemotherapy given during the chronic phase causes only mild side effects. Mild nausea will usually pass with time. The medicines given during the terminal phase cause many side effects. Interferon can cause long-term flu-like symptoms.

The effects of bone marrow transplantation are severe and life-threatening. The person will be in a facility that specializes in bone marrow transplants. Intensive care will be given to manage any side effects and problems.

What happens after treatment for the disease?

The person with CML will need to be followed closely for signs of the disease worsening. Persons who have had a bone marrow transplant will need lifelong follow-up even if the disease is in remission.

How is the disease monitored?

During the chronic phase, blood samples will be monitored closely for signs that the CML is not under control. When this happens, a bone marrow biopsy will be done. If the person is in a remission, blood samples will again be monitored closely. Bone marrow biopsies will also be done, if necessary. Any new or worsening symptoms should be reported to the healthcare provider.