Gestational Diabetes
Alternate Names : Diabetes of Pregnancy, Glucose Intolerance in Pregnancy, Sugar Intolerance in Pregnancy
What are the treatments for the disease?
The goal of treatment is to bring blood glucose levels to normal, and to keep
them there throughout the pregnancy. This will prevent complications for both
mother and child. The diet should provide enough calories and nutrients to
allow appropriate weight gain in both mother and fetus. A dietician will
provide counseling and education. If changing the diet does not control glucose
levels, insulin injections may be needed.
Until recently, oral medications were not recommended for gestational diabetes.
However, a recent study indicated that glyburide is safe and effective to take
in the last 6 months of pregnancy.
What are the side effects of the treatments?
Hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar, may result if too
much insulin is given, or if meals are skipped. Hypoglycemia should be avoided,
because the fetus will also experience low blood sugar levels.
What happens after treatment for the disease?
Pregnancy hormones drop dramatically after delivery, and a woman may no longer
need insulin. High blood glucose levels usually go away after pregnancy. But 30%
to 40% of women with gestational diabetes may develop type 2 diabetes at some time in their lives. Obesity or a family history of diabetes
may
increase this risk. A balanced diet and exercise after delivery will help with
weight loss and will lower the risk of
diabetes in the future. At the exam 6 weeks after delivery, a oral glucose tolerance test can help
determine
if further treatment is needed.
How is the disease monitored?
Women with gestational diabetes run a high risk of having it in future
pregnancies. Women who previously had gestational diabetes but are not pregnant should
have fasting blood sugar tests
each
year to detect diabetes.
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