Anesthetics (Parenteral-Local)
Before Receiving This MedicineIn deciding to use a medicine, the risks of using the medicine must be
weighed against the good it will do. This is a decision you and your medical
doctor, dentist, or nurse will make. For local anesthetics, the following
should be considered:
Allergies - Tell your medical doctor, dentist, or nurse if you
have ever had any unusual or allergic reaction to a local anesthetic or to
epinephrine (e.g., Adrenalin). Also tell your medical doctor, dentist, nurse,
or pharmacist if you are allergic to any other substances, such as sulfites
or other preservatives, especially aminobenzoic acid (also called para-aminobenzoic
acid [PABA]).
Pregnancy - Local anesthetics have not been reported to cause
birth defects in humans. Use of a local anesthetic during labor and delivery may rarely cause unwanted
effects. These medicines may increase the length of labor by making it more
difficult for the mother to bear down (push). They may also cause unwanted
effects in the fetus or newborn baby, especially if certain medical problems
are present at the time of delivery. Before receiving a local anesthetic for
labor and delivery, you should discuss with your doctor the good that this
medicine will do as well as the risks of receiving it.
Breast-feeding - It is not known whether local anesthetics pass
into breast milk. However, these medicines have not been reported to cause
problems in nursing babies.
Children - Children may be especially sensitive to the effects
of parenteral-local anesthetics. This may increase the chance of side effects.
Older adults - Elderly people are especially sensitive to the effects
of parenteral-local anesthetics. This may increase the chance of side effects.
Other medicines - Although certain medicines should not be used
together at all, in other cases two different medicines may be used together
even if an interaction might occur. In these cases, your medical doctor, dentist,
or nurse may want to change the dose, or other precautions may be necessary.
It is very important that you tell the person in charge if you are taking:
-
Beta-adrenergic blocking agents (carteolol [e.g., Cartrol], carvedilol
[e.g., Coreg], labetolol [e.g., Normodyne], nadolol [e.g., Corgard], oxprenolol
[e.g., Trasicor], penbutolol [e.g., Levatol], pindolol [e.g., Visken], propranolol
[e.g., Inderal], sotalol [e.g., Sotacor], timolol [e.g., Blocadren]) or
-
Carteolol (ophthalmic) (e.g., Ocupress) or
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Levobunolol (ophthalmic) (e.g., Betagan) or
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Metipranolol (ophthalmic) (e.g., OptiPranolol) or
-
Timolol (ophthalmic) (e.g., Timoptic) - Use of some local anesthetics
with these medicines may increase the risk of high blood pressure or a slow
heart rate
-
Central nervous system (CNS) depressants (medicines that cause drowsiness) - Use
of local anesthetics with these medicines may increase the risk that drowsiness
will occur
-
Digoxin (e.g., Lanoxin) - Use of some local anesthetics with
this medicine may increase the risk of irregular heartbeats
-
Haloperidol (e.g., Haldol) or
-
Phenothiazines (e.g., Phenergan) - Use of these medicines may
reduce the effectiveness of the local anesthetic
-
Tricyclic antidepressants (amitriptyline [e.g., Elavil], amoxapine
[e.g., Asendin], clomipramine [e.g., Anafranil], desipramine [e.g., Norpramin],
doxepin [e.g., Sinequan], imipramine [e.g., Tofranil], nortriptyline [e.g.,
Aventyl], protriptyline [e.g., Vivactil], trimipramine [e.g., Surmontil])
or
-
Maprotiline (e.g., Ludiomil) - Use of some local anesthetics
with these medicines may increase the chance of some problems, including
high blood pressure and irregular heartbeats
-
Any other medicine, prescription or nonprescription (over-the-counter
[OTC]), or
-
``Street'" drugs, such as amphetamines (``uppers''), barbiturates
(``downers''), cocaine (including ``crack''), marijuana, phencyclidine (PCP,
``angel dust''), and heroin or other narcotics - Serious side effects
may occur if anyone gives you a local anesthetic without knowing that you
have taken another medicine
Other medical problems - The presence of other medical
problems may affect the use of local anesthetics. Make sure you tell your
medical doctor, dentist, or nurse if you have any
other medical problems, especially:
-
Asthma - Increased chance of allergic-like reactions with use
of some local anesthetics
-
Brain infection or tumor or
-
Blood clotting disorders - Increased chance of bleeding with
injection of local anesthetics
-
Diabetes mellitus (sugar diabetes) - Use of local anesthetics
can cause stress on your heart if you have diabetes mellitus
-
Heart disease - Use of local anesthetics can worsen some kinds
of heart disease
-
History of migraine headaches - Use of local anesthetics can
worsen headaches
-
Hypertension (high blood pressure) or
-
Hypotension (low blood pressure) - Use of local anesthetics can
cause hypotension or hypertension
-
Hyperthyroidism - Use of some local anesthetics can cause stress
on your heart if you have hyperthyroidism
-
Kidney disease or
-
Liver disease - Increased chance of side effects
-
Methemoglobinemia - Prilocaine may make this condition worse
-
Peripheral vascular disease - Use of some local anesthetics can
make this condition worse or can cause your blood pressure to increase
-
Skin infection or inflammation - Your physician may not want
to inject the local anesthetic into infected or inflamed skin because the
local anesthetic may not work as well
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