Urinalysis
Alternate Names : Routine Urine Test, Urine Appearance and Color
What do the test results mean?
Normal test results for urine are:
color: varies from colorless to dark yellow. Certain foods may stain
it.
specific gravity: ranges from 1.006 to 1.030. The higher the number,
the more concentrated the urine.
pH, or relative acidity or alkalinity: ranges from 4.6 to 8.0. The
average is 6.0, which is slightly acidic.
sugars, ketones, and proteins: None present.
blood: no red blood cells or hemoglobin are present.
bilirubin: none.
white blood cells: none. Abnormal test
results for urine are:
color: other than normal.
specific gravity: higher or lower values. This may indicate kidney
disorders. Exceptions are those related to food or liquid intake.
pH: overly acidic or alkaline urine. This warrants medical
attention.
sugar and ketones,usually tested together: high levels of glucose and
ketones may indicate diabetes.
protein: any present may indicate kidney disorders.
blood: any present may indicate bleeding from the kidney, a urinary
tract infection, or trauma from rigorous exercise.
bilirubin: any present indicates liver or bile duct disease.
nitrites and white blood cells: their presence indicates a urinary tract
infection.
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