Preeclampsia
Alternate Names : Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension (PIH), Toxemia
What are the treatments for the condition?
Giving birth is the only cure for preeclampsia. Preeclampsia limits blood flow to the placenta and the fetus. If a woman has symptoms, flow may already be reduced by 50%. The healthcare provider may decide to induce labor or to wait for labor to occur naturally. The following factors will determine the decision:
condition of the mother and fetus
dilation of the cervix
eclampsia
failure of fetal growth as measured by pregnancy ultrasounds
fetal age
fetal distress
fluid in the lungs
presence of labor
severity of the condition
the wishes of the mother
If the symptoms are mild, outpatient treatment is common. This includes bed rest at home and biweekly exams in the provider's office. If symptoms do not improve, hospitalization may be needed. Fetal testing will be done to decide if early delivery is possible.
In severe cases, the provider may decide to induce labor with medications. Delivery may be induced if any of the following conditions occur:
destruction of red blood cells, known as hemolysis
elevated liver function tests
falling platelet count
pain in the right upper abdomen
persistent and severe headache
signs of kidney failure
very high blood pressure for more than 24 hours
Treating severe preeclampsia means controlling the woman's blood pressure. A C-section may be needed. Medications to prevent eclampsia include magnesium sulfate and hydralazine. Anticonvulsants may be used to prevent seizures.
What are the side effects of the treatments?
Magnesium sulfate may cause nausea, vomiting, and breathing problems. These can often be avoided with careful monitoring of serum magnesium levels. Other medications may cause allergic reactions and stomach upset.
What happens after treatment for the condition?
A woman may be at risk for developing eclampsia up to 6 weeks after delivery. She will have regular visits to the healthcare provider, as well as regular blood and urine tests.
How is the condition monitored?
Any new or worsening symptoms should be reported to the healthcare provider.
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